Important Inventions Essay Example for Free

Important Inventions Essay You have probably heard the saying All roads lead to Rome, many times from numerous people. Of course, not all roads lead to Rome; but back in the time of ancient civilizations, most roads in eastern Europe did. Of all ancient people, the Romans were the finest road builders. At the beginning of the 4th century B. C., they built smooth, hard surfaced, and durable roads wherever they ruled. That empire extended from England to North Africa; many of the roads in England are still in use today! Since you may not realize the important role that these early roads played, I am going to give you an idea of how they were built, used, and what exciting discoveries were made as the result of these ancient road builders. You will even get to see how these discoveries were used in the construction of their roads. Most of us take the roads we use today for granted, we never think about how some of the inventions like concrete, early arch bridges, and cement were discovered. Without some of those inventions, it would have been much more difficult for the Romans to rule their vast empire. Well built roads were necessary to control and extend their empire, permit trade and travel, and move their massive armies. They were the most impressive road builders of the ancient world. Over 50,000 roads, many well paved, stretched all over the Roman Empire. Settled in 800 B. C., Rome and its citizens communicated efficiently on land using a famous road system that linked all parts of the empire. Even though the army built most roads, all people traveled on them. Official messengers and troops moved rapidly over swamps, rivers, and mountains because of good bridges, paved causeways, and tunnels. Cutting through mountains and spanning streams, roads were built in straight lines whenever possible. The Romans knew how to lay a solid base and to give a road a pavement of flat stones. They also knew to make a road slope slightly from the center and toward both sides to drain off water.

The Constitutionality of the Patriot Act Essay -- Patriot Act vs US Co

Since the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, Americans fear that another attack is imminent. To ease these fears, lawmakers created the USA Patriot Act which stands for Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism. This lengthy bill allows the justice department a great deal of power in criminal cases especially in those dealing with terrorism. While, according to lawmakers, the Patriot Act is aimed at ending terrorism, it is arguable that the Patriot Act is aimed at beginning a Big Brother-type society. For the government of the United States to enforce a law that encourages the obstruction of the 1st, 4th, 5th and 6th Amendments and other civil liberties is highly hypocritical and quite un-American. The documentary Unconstitutional, directed by Nonny de la Pena, follows the evolution of the Patriot Act with interviews from senators who passed the bill, lawyers fighting the bill, and residents of the United States who have come under attack because of the bill. One of the positive points of the act that many like to point out was the bi-partisan support it had. However, former Representative Robert Barr, a republican from Georgia, and Representative Peter A. DeFazio, a democrat from Oregon, both claim that the act was very different from the one that was voted on. The night before the bill was to be voted on it was changed last minute and printed at 3:45 am that morning. The new bill included provisions that had already been denied on the floor. ï ¿ ½No member of Congress read this legislation before us voting on it,ï ¿ ½ says DeFazio (Unconstitutional). Lawmakers passed a bill that they had not read and now the public is paying for it. A childrenï ¿ ½s educational mag... ...http://galileo.usg.edu>. Losely, Lauren E. ï ¿ ½Universities Express Concern About the USA Patriot Act.ï ¿ ½ Academe Sep/Oct 2004: 4. Academic Search Premier. EBSCOHost. GALILEO. Odum Lib., Valdosta State University, GA. 10 April 2005 . ï ¿ ½Patriot Act Overview.ï ¿ ½ Congressional Digest Nov. 2004:258-88. ï ¿ ½Patriot Games.ï ¿ ½ Current Events 17 October 2003. Ridge, Tom. ï ¿ ½Using the PATRIOT Act to Fight Terrorism.ï ¿ ½ Congressional Digest Nov. 2004: 266-68. Sekhon,Vijay. ï ¿ ½The Civil Rights of ï ¿ ½Othersï ¿ ½: Antiterrorism, The Patriot Act, and Arab and South Asian American Rights in Post-9/11 American Society.ï ¿ ½ Texas Forum on Civil Liberties and Civil Rights 8.1 (2003): 117-148. Unconstitutional. Dir. Nonny de la Pena. Public Interest Pictures, 2004. Zeljak, Cathy. ï ¿ ½The USA Patriot Act and Civil Liberties (Part II).ï ¿ ½ Problems of Post-Communism 51.3 (2004): 69-71.

Persian Letters

In this paper I will use the Persian Letters to illustrate a European’s view of both European and Asian government and religion. Montesquieu criticizes European their sense of liberty and worth. He then advocates European’s strength of the government and monarch ship. His views about Asian government and religion differ in that he thinks and believes that the Asian government is one that he can easily conform to less strict government laws place onto the people. His representation of Asians reflects that he feels out of place and humanized when comparing the different aspects about his own society. As successful as Europe’s government has been, Montesquieu finds great flaws in it. In the various letters he gives multiple accounts examining how their government is too cookie-cutter in structure. He speaks on how there is a belief of holding onto traditional values. â€Å" In Paris, liberty and equality prevail: neither birth, nor virtue, nor even success in war, however outstanding, can save a man from being lost in a crowd. Social jealously is unknown† (Letter 42). Here you see how Montesquieu backs his claim on how Europe’s system attempts to hold everyone to certain level of power. Religion in Europe isn’t perfect either; Montesquieu depicts the religious heads as manipulators of the people just as bad if not worse than the government. Montesquieu speaks on how no two powers are equal; that there has to be one who is always stronger. With Europe church set up of having the pope at the head of the church elaborates on this distortion of powers. â€Å" There is another magician, stronger than he†¦he will make the king believe that three are only one. † (Letter 24), We are able to see how even though the King of France is the most powerful in Europe he too is manipulate that what is believed to be the pure and righteous. Through his criticisms, Montesquieu still finds certain aspects of Europe’s Government to be strong and stable. In any order there is always fault. Nothing nor anyone is perfect. Analyzing the king himself provide a proper image of someone being proclaimed powerful but at that very same time weak. â€Å" He had an innumerable number of invisible enemies in his kingdom, surrounding him. They say that he has searched for them more than thirty years†¦ he has been unable to find a single one†¦ they say he will have the vexation of dying without being able to find them. (Letter 24) Here Montesquieu displays the false image portrayed thee king and at the same time acknowledges his effort to continue to maintain his reign without stepping out of line. Obedience seems to be the strongest assist of both Europe’s government and religion. The strictness of the country is seen very harsh when one step out of line even though the cruelty of the punishment does not measure up to way in which punishment is carried out in some parts of Asia. Looking at a comparison of the cultures, we saw how a small crime in Europeans eyes was nearly meaningless when looking at how Asians would interpret the punishment. One can take from this that Montesquieu seemly against this order if the state, can still resects and acknowledges how well they keep balance amongst their subjects. Based off how the letters were written one can thing that Montesquieu greatly favored the Asian was. If by looking deeper into the context of the letters Montesquieu had some critic their government system as well. Montesquieu seemed to adore the social aspects of the Asian culture more than that of the Europeans. He elaborated how great leaders earned their power and respect was given out when needed. Another issue present is the critiques that women are not value at all and men hold the power. Another opposition made against the lifestyle against of the Asians is their lack of government. There is a system in place that but he disagrees with their sense of ruling under fear and the imbalances in the people of society Montesquieu’s views on Asian government and society reflect in my opinion provides the needed base that allows the reader to gain a better understanding of European customs than if we solely viewed how he felt towards Europe. The comparison between the two provides us with both the positives and negatives of which society is run in Europe. Through this reflection I feel Montesquieu attempted to show the readers that Those brought up in European states were taught how to live and were a great asset to Asian culture were learning to follow their natural instinct.

The Potential Effects Of Stress And Trauma - 1272 Words

THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF STRESS AND TRAUMA IN PILOT PERFORMANCE Stress has potential to influence the performance of an individual. The degree of stress correlates with the degree of arousal in a high pressure situation, which can eustress or impair an individual’s performance (Pignata, 2016). The flight deck of an aircraft is a complex operating environment with demand for high performance between automated and human interfaces. Exposure to these high levels of external and internal occupational (Blouin, 2014) stressors has underlying effect on the operational performance of professional pilots both in the immediate and prolonged circumstances. Stress and trauma education for especially training pilots is important to highlight the potential effects of physical, physiological and psychological stressors to manage pressure and optimise pilot performance of aviation safety. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), (2012) defines stress â€Å"as the sum of biological responses to any adverse interplay of physical, mental, emotional, internal or external stimuli which potentially disrupts the natural balance of the body.† There are three main components of stress; stress stimuli, processing systems and stress response (Pignata, 2016). Stress consists of two categories: acute and chronic (FAA, 2012). Acute stress is the primitive flight or fight response to immediately perceived threats. In response to the apparent stressor, the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS), adrenaline andShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Trauma On Clients And Mental Health Counselors1467 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Trauma on Clients and Mental Health Counselors Cedric Hynson Walden University The Effects of Trauma on Clients and Mental Health Counselors This paper will define The Effects of Trauma and Crisis on Clients and Mental Health Counselors and give a brief overview on how these Natural and man-made disasters, crises, and other trauma-causing events have become a focus of the clinical mental health counseling profession. Due to the extreme trauma that childrenRead MoreSocial Workers And Mental Health Providers1477 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Social workers and mental health providers work in a field where trauma is prevalent. 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